How has technology affected your life Essay

Innovation is a fundamental need in everybody’s life . Without innovation , numerous things would not have the option to emerge . With respect to me , innovation has made my life increasingly pleasant and simple . What is innovation ? Innovation is an assemblage of information gave to making apparatuses , handling activities and extricating of materials . In my life there have numerous incredible changes in innovation . A significant number of these progressions have influenced my life enormously . They have made it both simpler and quicker to do things . The one bit of innovation that has influenced my life is the PC and every one of its projects . The PC and every one of its projects have made my life so a lot simpler . Before the PC was concocted you either needed to work out what you needed to state or typewrite it on the typewriter . Anyway this was not in every case simple in such a case that you committed an error there was no real way to fix it however to compose it ov er again or utilize white out . With the PC however , slip-ups could be made and fixed before I print it out . These errors could be understood inside seconds by doing a spelling and language structure check . Additionally the PC I can spare my work so if something happens to the primary duplicate another duplicate could without much of a stretch be made . With the typewriter and plain old composing it if the first duplicate was harmed you needed to compose it over again . Another incredible thing about the PC is that it is quick . If I somehow happened to compose this exposition by hand it would require some investment since I would need to compose the letters rather than simply squeezing catches to get the letters on the screen . Next the PC has numerous projects on it like the entirety of the Microsoft Office programs so I could do the entirety of my school work and it now and then has games on it . One of the valuable results of innovation would be the TV . Normally , my family would sit together in the lounge room to stare at the TV programs together after supper . During this time , we would periodically discuss the shows that are being communicated . This permits my family to collaborate with one another all the more regularly . In the twenty-first century , one of the most significant innovations would be the web . The web is a systemâ which permits individuals to convey all around . I for one utilize the web every day and think that its helpful from multiple points of view . Likewise the PC ordinarily has a web association . The web is the one thing that spares me a pontoon heap of time . On the web I could explore a point for an article I should compose for school . This replaces heading off to the library and spending the entire day to locate a similar data that I could discover on the web in a short time . With the data from the web I could reorder the significant information into a word record and utilize that data to make my reports , yet with books I would need to duplicate the page that has great data on a copier or duplicate it by hand . Likewise I could speak with individuals on the web through email directly from home while I am doing my reports . The web causes me to feel like the world is readily available I should simply investigate . The PC has made my life simpler and allowed to do fun stuff by lessoning the time that is spent accomplishing school work . Web based gaming is additionally another enormous piece of my life when I mess around over the web . I am ready to befriend individuals from different nations . Another piece of innovation in my life would be the versatile innovation . In the days of yore , individuals who needed to speak with their family members in far away places would have just two options . One was to by and by set aside the time to make a trip to their relatives’ place and another would be by means of sending letters . The two different ways required immense measure of time , with portable innovation , people’s lives are reached each other anyplace and whenever they need to . Since the time I was a kid I have been keen on innovation . I recollect when I got my first telephone . This telephone never really keep a caution and call individuals . At the time it didn’t have a SIM Card or no administration so everything I could do was profess to make calls . Obviously I was a kid at the time the delight of having a gadget that had the ability to interface with people’s discussions wirelesslyâ amazed me . At the point when I got my first telephone I began to remain progressively associated with my companions and once in a while update my timetable every day . At the point when I entered High School , our mentor had a â€Å" thing † for composing messages . This stayed up with the latest with our exercise plan . Presently I have a propensity for planning for things weeks before I have to try and stress over them . At the point when I began Facebook I began to remain associated with my companions . I was on it practically regular , anyway I began to quit utilizing Facebook before my SPM year . Without data innovation I don’t figure I would be anyplace as sorted out as I am currently . I for one have a cell phone as well and it has gotten in excess of a need in my life . With all the innovation we have these days we dont’t need to escape the house any longer , you can do everything from the solace of your home . Nearly everything settle around innovation now . What do the vast majority do when they return from school ? They as a rule go sit in front of the TV , go on the PC or something different like that . Individuals underestimate the entirety of this , what might they do if there was a force cut and they couldn’t sit in front of the TV or go on the PC ? The vast majority would simply laze about doing nothing until the force return on . Relatively few would get a book or do any of the things they would have done when none of these things were round . As an end , innovation transformed ourselves into a basic and simple circumstance without questions . Innovation does a great deal to make things in life simpler , quicker , and progressively productive . This is so we can accomplish more things in a shorter measure of time , using minimal measure of physical and mental vitality conceivable . Finally , innovation has surely altered correspondence between individuals , however not the entirety of the results of this transformation have been sure . Innovation has changed my life so much and I love it . The universe of innovation is continually changing and I can’t stand by to perceive what is made next .

The Good Corn is a complexly written short story, although it only :: English Literature

The Good Corn The Good Corn is an intricately composed short story, in spite of the fact that it as it were includes three noticeable characters. Elsie, who is one of the least noticeable characters in content is referenced in the story all through, as the young lady or just Elsie. I have picked Elsie as a character to differentiate my perspectives about in light of the fact that the content urges the perusers to have a less thoughtful reaction also, way to deal with her however I appeared to have had an extremely empathetic and touchy way to deal with Elsie and imagine that in light of the fact that the creator hasn’t really expounded, in the portrayal, about her sentiments, we are covered and made to hate her character given the third individual omniscient perspective. In the author’s setting, the book was written in the 1950’s and is so forward, a result of white, male working class thoughts regarding manliness what's more, womanliness where guys were the prevailing species and the females were constantly alluded to as the mediocre race when all is said in done. Too ethnicity and culture had an extraordinary impact in those occasions in light of the fact that most non †white individuals were viewed as incredibly sub-par and made to do debasing occupations like house cleaners or workers. This is the setting where we are made to see Elsie. She is depicted as an uneducated and is depicted as being short and dull, with a thick brilliant composition. In the reader’s setting being short or dim doesn’t mean a lot to us since, in this 21st century, multiculturalism is a major factor and indeed, even white individuals could look recognizably dull possibly due to a tan. Likewise having a worker or partner is currently, not considered as quite a bit of a corrupting employment as before since and widely enormous measure of hirelings lead similarly adequate and fulfilled lives as any ordinary working class working individual. Likewise, a fundamentally enormous measure of these hirelings are really of the white populace. Likewise, Elsie is spoken to as an unfeeling, aloof, un-maternal, ethically flighty and a calculative and narrow minded individual. The refusal of access into her musings and emotions cajole the peruser to consider her to be an only a body who is just alive for substantial delights rather than being an individual person with individual affliction, blame or self-inner voice. This has indeed happened due to predominance issues where the storyteller has decided to be omniscient and has dismissed Elsie’s considerations and sentiments. In the reader’s setting, Elsie would be seen as an explicitly indiscriminate individual as the content needs us to see her in any case, we would likewise have scrutinized the explanations for her being eighteen thus free with her body that she could bear two kids in

HOW TO Book Train Tickets On IRCTC Website

HOW TO Book Train Tickets On IRCTC Website Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!HOW TO: Book Train Tickets On IRCTC WebsiteUpdated On 31/07/2018Author : Shalini SinghTopic : Featured GuidesShort URL : http://hbb.me/12JDG0p CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogYes, we all know, some find it quite frustrating to book tickets through IRCTC website. In this post I will help you to book tickets easily and with as less frustration as possible. First of all you need an account. YES, it’s simple to sign up. It is compulsory to create one account in order to book tickets. Your session might expire some times if you are not active on the site for more than 10 mins. You need to re-login again. Please remember this simple issue. After you get registered by filling up information and personal details which is like any other official site registration, you will need to click on submit button where a Pop Up will appear.Proceed further by clicking on the validated information and accepting terms and conditions (which we rarely read), then check your registered e-mail for your User ID and Password. Click on the activation link to activate your account. Also, check the verification code on your registered mobile number. You can either Login by clicking on the activation link. (or) you can visit irctc.co.in and enter your login details there.After logging in successfully, you will come to the following page, where you can see the option “plan my travel”. This is the first step to book tickets.After filling in the destinations, date, and quota, click on “find trains”. Youll land on a page like this. (Train details differs on daily basis)You need to get familiar with the meanings of the symbols and abbreviations. which have been explained too.READ5 Types Of Blogs You Should Not Start In 2013a) If you want to travel in First Class AC class then click under 1A column.b) If you want to travel in First Class (not air-conditioned) then click u nder FC column.c) If you want to travel in AC 2-Tier Sleeper class then click under 2A column.d) If you want to travel in AC 3-Tier Sleeper class then click under 3A column.e) If you want to travel in AC Chair Car class then click under CC column.f) If you want to travel in Sleeper class then click under SL column.g) If you want to travel in Second Seating class then click under 2S column.To know the fare of the ticket, click on Get Fare.As seen above, you need to fill in your details. The details of ticket, availability of tickets at the particular time and the fare including tax service charge will appear on the screen along with the payment option.You can opt for credit card, debit card, cash card credit card EMI options. After successful payment, the User is shown ticket confirmation details.If you want to book return ticket, click Book Return Ticket and youll get redirected on Plan my Travel page with the From and to station swapped. Well, isn’t it easy peasy? Happy journey ! Do let us know in the comments if you face any issue. Thanks. ??

E Commerce And Its Effects On The World Of Businesses Essay

In the past couple of the decades, internet technology has grown enormously. Users have access to millions of resources in front of them instantly. According to Zakaria â€Å"the internet users in December of 2000 were â€Å"360,985,492†, and in December 2011 the number of users became â€Å"2,267,233,742†, with a growth of 528.1%.† The in The world of businesses is changing because of E-commerce has been essential tool for businesses. About 53 percent of all purchases are by E-commerce Businesses have come up with plans to use E-commerce to deliver their products and services to the market. However, there are some risk of using E-commerce, the risk are financial, performance, or social risks. Not taking the right steps and having poor security can cause identity theft. Identity theft is not something new that has recently attracts people’s attention. The classic theft is â€Å"petty thieves†, and criminals been doing this for centuries. â€Å"Pet ty thieves† are the criminals that steal wallets and purses, and now modern days stealing credit cards and debut cards. They go on shopping to spend all the money in your wallet, purse, or credit card. Since the early 1990s the growing technology, a new wave of identity thieves developed who are professionals to keep their own identities, and crime hidden. In the past, the theft had to personally go to a bank or a lending institutions to access, or create an account. This was a risky move because it had high risk of being caught. â€Å"However, with theShow MoreRelatedE Commerce Vs. Electronic Commerce1527 Words   |  7 PagesThere are plenty of ways to define the definition of E-commerce. For example, according to the Oxford Dictionary, E-commerce or electronic commerce is the commercial transaction that conducted electronically on the Internet. Some people define E-commerce as the processes of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, and information by using the computer network technology such as the Internet. E-commerce does not only provide the function of buying and selling goods and services online viaRead MoreBackground. Today, People Are Engaging In E-Commerce More1742 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Today, people are engaging in e-commerce more than ever. Traditionally American consumers shopped exclusively in local businesses and specialty mom and pop stores. These stores are essentially smaller, independently owned and operated businesses that have little influence on the market. Small businesses occupy several areas of business including retail, services, wholesaling and manufacturing. The growing acceptance of the Internet and e-commerce in the early 1990’s changed the way peopleRead MoreTechnology Makes the World Smaller1697 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology Make the World Smaller Office 2004 Test Drive User Table of Contents Commerce 4 Dell6 Ebay 7 E-cash8 Work Cited11 Footnotes12 Technology Makes the World Smaller The international marketplace is changing very fast every day. E-commerce and E-Business is now one of the standard ways to do business. The Internet has opened up vast opportunities for business to tap into new markets all over the world. The use of the Internet removes all geographical constraints, permits the instant establishmentRead MoreThe Effects Of E Commerce On Global Trade1524 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of E-commerce in Global Trade Introduction E-commerce is a term describing a new and innovative more efficient way of doing business completely by use of the internet, to conduct trade dealings both on a national and global scale. E-commerce offers a different mode of performing trade throughout the world without the need for tangible contact between the buyer and seller. The new transaction mode of purchasing and supplying goods has become explosive in terms of efficiency, competitivenessRead MoreB2C and B2B Web Site Supply Chain Difference981 Words   |  4 Pagesand B2B Web Site Supply Chain Differences Ah, the wonders that technology has wrought in the world of business. Or should it be phrased: ah, the wonders that business has called forth from the world of technology? Whether it is the chicken or the egg, many changes have developed and with the advancements in what is now called e-business, businesses and consumers have benefited. Though e-businesses vary in scope and methods, they can be categorized basically as business-to-consumer (B2C) or aRead MoreElectronic Commerce Electronic commerce (e-Commerce) describes the process of buying, selling,1200 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic Commerce Electronic commerce (e-Commerce) describes the process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, and/or information through computer networks, principally the Internet (Turban et al., 2004). It is also refers to the process by which commerce is carried out using electronic means to conduct transaction between businesses, customers, individuals etc. Taking place online a person goes to the website of a company or person offering goods and services.Read MoreE Commerce Is The Backbone Of Modern Global Markets861 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION E Commerce has changed the economy of the world since the first ‘online shopping’ system called Videotex was created in 1979 by Michael Aldrich using a 26† domestic TV (Aldricharchive.com, 2015). It has even shaped society itself, changing people’s shopping habits and how the entire landscape of business operates. E-commerce is the backbone of modern global markets from business to business (B2B) companies such as IBM and Microsoft with a total brand value bordering on $200,000M (McGrealRead MoreImpact of E-Commerce to Malaysian Economy854 Words   |  4 PagesIMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON THE MALAYSIAN ECONOMY E-commerce is the new buzz word. With the advent of the Internet, the development of e-commerce in both the developed and developing economies has developed at a rapid pace. Developing countries such as Malaysia are catching up fast as there are already 1.2 million Internet users. The private sector and the Government have taken initiatives to implement e-commerce. Physical and legal infrastructure for e-commerce in Malaysia have been put in placeRead MoreStarting a Business Online Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pageswe can sell. 2. Because the internet connects computers all over the world, any business that engages in e-Commerce instantly becomes an international business. The key issues that any company faces when it conducts international commerce include trust, culture, language, government, and infrastructure. Explain how you would address each of these issues. According to UOM.edu.au (International Nature of Electronic Commerce)language issues one approach is to have the Web server that can detectRead MoreE Commerce, B2b And B2c1301 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduces the E-commerce, B2B and B2C 1. E-commerce E-commerce stands for Electronic commerce and it is the process of buying, selling or exchanging products, service or information across the Internet. E-commerce not only buying and selling of products and service, but also servicing customer, collaborating with business partners, and conducting electronic transactions within an organisation. 2. B2B e-commerce B2B stands for Business-to-Business, which is the transactions between businesses such as

Social Psychology How An Individual s Thoughts,...

Social Psychology is the study of how an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual or imagined, implied presence of others. Social Psychology deals with the factors that lead us as individuals to behave in a given way when around others, and looks at the conditions under which certain behaviors, actions and feelings occur. Throughout Social Psychology there are many concepts that help to explain these ideas and how they are influenced. Many concepts that are within social psychology can also be found in everyday life through television shows, news, music, and other forms of media. One main concept of Social Psychology is group processes, which focuses on social influences in a group context and how the behavior of individuals is affected by the presence of others. Within the concept of group processes is the approach of how a person can lose their sense of individuality when they are in a group. This approach is called deindividuation and is the tendency for someone to lose their sense of individuality and the reduction of normal constraints against deviant behavior. (Kassin, Fein, Markus, 2014, p.308) The reason why people tend to lose their sense of individuality is that when people are put into groups they tend to lose some of their own self-awareness and self-restraints. They become less of an individual and more anonymous. People tend to do things in groups they otherwise would not do because they feel less responsible for theirShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Psychology : Understanding And Theoretical Understanding1573 Words   |  7 Pages Developmen tal Psychology also can be thought as how a person develops though out their life. Developmental Psychology started out being concerned with earliest stage of a child now it has broadened to add teenagers, adult, and the whole life of a person. Developmental psychology consider development over a wide area of issues like motor skill, emotional intellectual associated with topics like problem solving, moral understanding and theoretical understanding. From the beginning of birth toRead MoreContemporary Approaches Of Psychology And How They Interpret Drug Use897 Words   |  4 PagesContemporary Approaches in Psychology and how they Interpret Drug Use The seven contemporary approaches or theories in psychology include Biological, Behavioral Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Cognitive, Evolutionary, Sociocultural. These seven contemporary approaches allow us to interpret the behavior of individuals. Each perspective makes certain assumptions about human behavior. For this analysis we will review the behavioral and sociocultural approaches in psychology and compare how they interpret drug useRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Therapy1729 Words   |  7 PagesAbnormal Psychology and Therapy Paper (NAME HERE) PSY 300 July 2, 2010 Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Upon researching what the word psychology means many definitions may be found. However, once all those definitions have been deciphered you will find that psychology is the study of an individual’s mental and emotional state and thought processes. The intention of therapy within psychology is to diagnose, treat, and in time help individuals improve from whatever psychological infirmityRead MoreSocial Psychology : Psychological Psychology1658 Words   |  7 Pageswhat is social psychology, what shapes our attitudes, what do they do, and what is the income of a social psychologist? Social psychology is important because people have gone through depression and anxiety. A social psychology can help one recover from the inside pain. Social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods to explain how the brain works, feelings and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings. Social psychologyRead MoreSocial Psychology : A Unique Subfield Of Psychology1474 Words   |  6 PagesSocial psychology is a unique subfield of psychology. The history of the psychology dates back in 387 BC when Plato had inferred that the human brain is a device comprising of mental structures. Charles Darwin coined the theory of evolution called â€Å"Survival of the Fittest† when he disseminated his On the Origin of Species in 1859. Many other names have made major contributions in the field of psychology. However, it was Leon Festinger, in 1957, who propositioned his postulation of â€Å" CognitiveRead MoreEssay about William James’ and the Legacy He Left Behind1234 Words   |  5 PagesMany people attribute modern psychology to psychologist such a s Sigmund Freud, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner. Though, they were a part of developing modern psychology, many forget to recognize important founders such as William James. According to King, Viney and Woody, James came from a family with a strict father, raised in tolerance. James and his father had many encounters because of their different views. They were a wealthy and cultured family. James attended Harvard, studying a broad spectrumRead MoreFour Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology1803 Words   |  7 Pagesmany approaches to clinical psychology; the four major approaches are in psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems. Using the four major approaches contributes to the effectiveness in treatment by identifying the goals of each approach. The paper will break down the approaches, goals, techniques, and the overall approaches used. Philosophical Origins of Clinical Psychology ApproachesAs Thomas Plante (2005) cleverly suggested, clinical psychology is both a science and an artRead Moreconsumer1670 Words   |  7 PagesUNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY NAME: CHARLES NYUNGU REGISTRATION NUMBER: R115700F PROGRAM: H.P.S III COURSE: CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY LECTURER: MR MATIKA ASSIGNMENT TITLE: Scan three adverts from a magazine or newspaper and outline the advertisement‘s effects on your affect, cognition and behaviour. DUE DATE: 24TH MARCH 2014 Advertising plays a pivotal role in the lives of consumers. Advertising moulds the attitudes of the person as well asRead MoreI Am A Sophomore Attending American Public University Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pagescoml Abstract Social psychology focuses on all aspects that we utilize to learn, adopt, create, feel, think, and retrieve thoughts. We learn these things in order to effectively conserve and improve our overall wellness through our interactions with others. Social cognition, or how we think and process our thoughts, is one of the main three pillars of social psychology. It compliments the other two areas that stabilizes a cognitive social structure; affecting how we process and express ourRead MoreEssay about The Nature of Psychology1480 Words   |  6 PagesNature of Psychology nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Psychology is the scientific study and practical application of observable behavior and mental processes of organisms. Psychology differs from other social sciences such as: Sociology, History, or Economics, because psychology specifically deals with the study of an individual. The other social sciences will study groups, or history. Psychology is less a science of reported findings, it attempts asks and answers questions using observable behavior and

The Catcher in the Rye Holden Caulfields Coming of Age...

It takes many experiences in order for an immature child to become a responsible, well-rounded adult. In J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger’s main character Holden Caulfield matures throughout the course of the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Holden is a juvenile young man. However, through his experiences, Holden is able to learn, and is finally able to become somewhat mature by the end of the novel. In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield’s story represents a coming of age for all young adults. In the beginning of The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield is an immature teenager. Holden gets kicked out of his school, Pencey Prep, for failing four out of five of his classes. He says, â€Å"They kicked me out. I†¦show more content†¦But if you get on the other side, where there aren’t any hot-shots, then what’s a game about it? Nothing. No game† (8). Holden does not understand Spencer’s metaphor. Holden believes that life can only be a game if people are given advantages. From his point of view, he is one of the unlucky ones, but in reality he is on the side with the hot-shots, because he is given many advantages that others are not. Salinger emphasizes Holden’s immaturity in a very subtle way by having Holden’s authority figures always calling him â€Å"boy†. Both Mr. Spencer and Mr. Antolini call Holden â€Å"boy†. Of Spencer, Holden says, â€Å"I wished to hell he’d stop calling me ‘boy’ all the time† (12) and then later on, Antolini tells Holden, â€Å"You’re a very, very strange boy† (193). Both Mr. Spencer and Mr. Antolini recognize and acknowledge Holden’s immature behaviour in calling him â€Å"boy†. This only stresses the fact that Holden cannot seem to realize he is acting more like a child than a teenager. Holden’s red hunting hat is a very important symbol in The Catcher in the Rye. Holden uses this hat as a way to hide from society. He says, â€Å"That hat I bought had earlaps in it, and I put them on–I didn’t give a damn how I looked. Nobody was around anyway† (53). Holden thinks that wearing his red hunting hat makes him an individual, but in reality, he will only wear it when no one is around to judge him. It is his immaturity that makes him believe that he is being unique,Show MoreRelatedA Pessimistic Adolescent Is Not What Most Consider A Reliable Narrator1295 Words   |  6 Pagesbut auth or J.D. Salinger challenges this commonly held thought with his coming-of-age novel The Catcher in the Rye. The reader is introduced to Holden Caulfield, a secondary school junior that is outcasted and aimless upon expulsion from yet another preparatory school in a post-World War II world. Salinger weaves a myriad of comparisons of genuinity and disingenuousness into his work, each explored through a facet of Caulfield’s personality and experiences. The cynical sixteen-year-old strives to identifyRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Themes of Society and Growing Up1366 Words   |  6 PagesThemes of Society and Growing Up in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚   In reading J.D. Salingers novel, The Catcher in the Rye, one is compelled to have a very strong reaction to the contents of the book.   Whether that reaction is negative or positive, it is unquestionable that the reader will give the novel a second thought after reading it.   There could be many reasons why this novel has such an impact on the readers.   It may be the use of Salingers catchy slang phrases, bitingly sarcastic andRead MoreAmerican Library Association Vs. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1230 Words   |  5 Pages J.D. Salinger’s, The Catcher in the Rye, holds the honor of appearing on â€Å"Time† magazine’s 2010 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923 (Lacayo). In contrast, the American Library Association (ALA) notes that the novel also holds the dubious honor of being the tenth most challenged book in the United States from 1990 to 1999. In 2001, 2005, and 2009 the book again made the ALA top ten most frequently challenged book list (Banned and Challenged Books). In the lightRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Young Folks By F. Salinger1627 Words   |  7 Pagesencouraged to publish his first story, â€Å"The Young Folks,† after taking a writing class about fiction with Whit Burnett, an editor from Story magazine. Throughout the following years, Salinger sent in many of his works to well-known magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post and Esquire. He even continued to work on his writing while participating in the United States Army during World War II from 1942 to 1946. When he came home, he began to gain success from his short stories about his experiences fromRead MoreThe Catcher In The Rye by J. D. Salinger and Looking For Alaska by John Green1729 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican history. The Catcher In The Rye and Looking For Alaska, two American novels about young adulthood, provide an insight on the commonalities and differences between these two generatio ns and their unique American experiences. The two novels written by J.D. Salinger and John Green, respectively, were written fifty-four years apart, but their similarities are nonpareil. In fact, Green cites The Catcher In The Rye as an inspiration for his novel. The Catcher In The Rye and Looking For AlaskaRead MoreCatcher in the Rye4413 Words   |  18 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye â€Å"Is The Catcher in the Rye, as a work of literature still relevant for today’s youth?† Name: Sara Sigurdson Course: English A1 Supervisor: Mr. Peter Steadman Word count: 3851 Candidate number: 00136022 Table of Contents Content Page Number Abstract 3 Introduction 4 The Actual Catcher in the Rye 4 The Sexual Matter 5 The Caulfield Family 6 Narrator and Protagonist 8 Role Model 9 Mr. Antolini 10 Targeted Audience 10 Guidance 12 Read MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger2004 Words   |  9 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye is a popular novel written by J.D. Salinger. Published in 1951, the book was originally written for adults, but it is now remembered and adored by people from all parts of the world and people from all walks of life – especially by teenagers – a likely effect that was only inevitable considering the center stage of the narrator the great crumby flake Holden Caulfield, to use his style of speaking, who accurately portrayed teenage angst and loneliness in a style that many youngstersRead MoreControversial American Literature, J.D. Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye1058 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most controversial American Literature books, J.D. Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye, went into full turbulence and had all the attention of critics everywhere during its release in 1951. Holden Caulfield, a New York City teenager in the 1950’s with man ic-depression is the protagonist, is a protagonist unlike any other in coming-of-age novels. What most critics don’t realize is that his actions are exactly those of a depressed teenager would endure: being an immature compulsive liar who isRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye and the Truman Show Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pagesexplores many ideas of identity in his book ‘The Catcher in the Rye’; these ideas include ego, expression, personality, environment and perception. The author uses many features such as first person narration to express these ideas of identity. Identity is a common theme in many works including ‘The Truman Show’ directed by Peter Weir and poem ‘Life-Cycle’ written by Bruce Dawe. ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ is an emotional journey of 16 year old Holden Caulfield who is struggling to recognise his identityRead MoreHoldens Attempt at Isolation in Catcher in the Rye Essay686 Words   |  3 Pagesand sting. In the coming-of-age tale Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger explores this phenomenon through the voice of the narrator, Holden Caulfield. Although Holden possesses a voice of intelligence, sensitivity and insight he is also bitter with the hypocrisy and ugliness that he perceives in the world around him. The vividness with which he expresses his discontent is seen manifested in the criticisms that Holden aims at various characters throughout the story. As the story progresses, however

Internship Report on Milkvita Essay Example For Students

Internship Report on Milkvita Essay ` INTRODUCTION Bangladesh Business investment in is seen to be encompassing around a what-to-do, or what not to do paradox towards hunting sectors to be ventilated by entrepreneurs. Moreover new investment the existing entrepreneurs are in a deep ocean of thoughts in deciding appropriate factors in their business. Neither the new entrepreneur fell safe in putting money for new businesses, nor did the existing business houses fall encouraged to expand their business in diversified ways just at the juncture of period to the new global market pattern. This is because of apprehended competition from the world marketers or entrepreneurs like multinationals to be encountered by the national business arena. In addition, it has also been experienced in Bangladesh that there exist the abundance of queue in selecting same avenues, which are apparently believed to be profitable business. As a result of this rush, very few prospects are believed to be attaining anticipated goals and investment on non-orthodox and challenging fields are not being unfolded. In this context, since Bangladesh can not afford to go for heavy industrial invest for obvious economic reason, studies for non-traditional and agro-based areas are needed to be focused to cater the need of the time. Academicians, professionals and practitioners evaluate, interpret of predict the goals of objectives of a business organization in terms of profitability with simultaneous achievement in sustainable social and economic benefits. There exists hardly any doubt about it. Human beings are social animals and as such any activity created, initiated, and/or practiced, touches the social periphery significant. Precisely, any business endeavor serves social causes in addition to economical return what-so-ever. In the present context with the experience of milk vita, organizational entity as Bangladesh Milk Producers’ Co-operative Union Limited, a successful and the largest dairy organization of the country, dairy business is being stressed upon for its merit and contribution in financial return long with additional social achievements. In fact, modest efforts have been made in the present study titled â€Å"Strategic Brand Management- A Case study of Milk Vita† to portray probabilities and possibilities of the organization in business spectrum during market economy. In doing so, it has taken into care about the pertinent factors to be analyzed, both at the home conditions as well as for the effects that might be generated from the internation al arena. It has been designed to study the position of the international entrepreneur and the marketers of the selected dairy fields; those are at present in the market of Bangladesh as well as anticipated their future stress. The Dairy Co-operative: Bangladesh Milk Producers’ Co-operative Union Ltd. is very popular and known by its trade name ‘Milk Vita’ is the largest dairy organization of the country. It is regarded as the successful endeavor in the country in dairy field under the co-operative management. A detail study of the organization would, help to analyze prevailing dairy approaches of the country. Early History: During the undivided Indo-Pak-Bangla period, In 1946, a small Dairy Plant having the capacity of handling 2000 liters of milk per day was planned to be established at Lahirimohhanpur, Pabna (present at Sirajganj District) by a the-then all-Indian organization namely ‘National Nutrients Company Limited’. But the idea could not be materialized due to the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947. Mr. Mukhlesur Rahaman (late) after 1949, a young businessman showed his keen interest for completion of the project and he exchanged his Calcutta (India) property with all the assets of the original entrepreneur lying idle in this part of the country. The new entrepreneur with the name of ‘Eastern Milk Process and market their products viz. milk, butter and ghee with the brand name first introduced in the country-‘Milk Vita’ in the year 1952. The business field to attain success since in one hand the targeted Calcutta market being a different country was not reachable and on the other hand the existing market of Dhaka was located at a comparatively distance place from the plant area. Therefore, Mr. Mukhlesur Rahaman (late) initiated the co-operative management pattern for the plant. In the process, in 1965, the first ‘Milk Producers’ co-operative society was formed in the area with the apex organization ‘Eastern Milk Producers’ Co-operative Union Ltd. hrough the Government patronization. The economic condition of th handed over to the ‘Co-operative Marketing Society’ in 1968. During the period, there was another dairy plant engaged in processing milk in bottles at Tejgaon, Dhaka namely â€Å"ASTO Dairy† which was also financially sick and was run by Co-operative Marketing Society. Due to lack of fund and moreover dearth of efficient professionals, performance of both the enter prises did never improved. Origin of the Study Strategic Brand Management- A Case study of Milk Vita† The present study has been originated as an academic requirement for the Masters of Science in Business Administration (MBA) degree from the Stamford University, Bangladesh. A number topics were discussed on selecting the study field and in every case it was deeply thought to make something that can be really portray the academic achievement benefiting the student in one hand and on the other the company or the business house for which the study would be done is also simultaneously rewarded by the outcomes of the study. The present assignment was offered to the student of this study considering the factors of his specialization in marketing discipline. Moreover, since the incumbent is related to a business house, exclusively with the present chosen one, it was felt by the guide as well as by the student that the designed study would be useful in terms of both on academic vision and practical mission and understanding. Though it was further believed that the data would be very difficult to be collected, even it was assumed, once it is collected, it would be obviously of great use by the organization milk vita through appropriate analysis. Objectives Objective of the study is evaluating the products manufactured by Milk Vita, the largest dairy organization of the country and also to assess the present status of Milk Vita as a brand in diary product category in Bangladesh. The study is aimed at the line objectives: Compare the same to the situation in Bangladesh. Based on main objectives, following few objectives are also set for the present study: †¢ To enlighten the studying individual or groups about the practical work environment of a industry and its management practices related to the management of a established brand in the product portfolio. To know about the marketing operations exclusively and the research activities in the application area. †¢ To inculcate confidence on assessing dispersed data for analysis and there by dig out appropriate notion. †¢ To face future challenges in designing and operating research activities SCOPE The scope of the study though outlines a limited vision for one org anization but it is absolutes useful to have the required data from diversified sources nationally . In the study, the scope is further widely opened not only to know the factors on milk products but also design measures to overcome those. Limitations of the Study In the process of conducting the study a number of problems cropped-up right from the decision on the topic and down to final writing of this study. With a number of discussions and final interaction with the guide, efforts were exerted to overcome the problems and limitations as far as was possible. In collecting primary data, problems cropped up in ventilating the samples that used to be located at a different scattered place. There were some other minor problems like availability of all the respondents duly (completion and incidence rate), time constraints and financial limitations etc, were evoked too. However, finally instead of all the eventualities, the study could be made possible with the active supervision of the guide. Hypothesis The statistical testing of hypothesis is the most important technique in statistical inference. Hypothesis tests are widely used in business and industry for making decisions. The hypothesis is made about the value of some parameter but the only facts available to estimate the true parameter are those provide by a sample. If the sample statistic differs from the hypothesis meet about the population parameter, a decision must be made as to whether of not this difference is significant. If it is, the hypothesis is rejected. If not, the hypothesis must be accepted. Hypothesis for the Present Study: On to materialization of the objectives effectively and efficiently, the present study has the following hypothesis to test: 1. Production in the home country will be not increasing; 2. Cost of production in the country will be significantly increased; 3. Government is considering the milk sector as a vital one; 4. The consumers will have no effect through ethnocentrism; 5. There will be no integrated marketing promotion for the local brands; 6. Foreign country will cut down export prices for dairy produces; 7. There will be no inflation in the milk exporting countries; 8. Foreign milk producing farmers will not have competitively lower price of milk than the home country; 9. Cattle wealth will be significantly in the foreign milk exporting countries; 10. Technology transfer for milk production increase from the exporting countries will not be practiced. 11. There is a variability in the level of awareness among the competing brands in diary industry in Bangladesh Definitions: The hypothesis as well the total study require interpretation of some the definitions which are to be used in analysis, Item-wise definitions and discussions are placed to ventilate the appropriate issues. Market Economy Adam Smith (1723-1790), the ‘father of modern economics’ and author of the famous book ‘An inquiry into the Nature and causes of the wealth of Nations’ spawned the discipline of economics by trying to understand why some nations prospered while other lagged behind in poverty. Others after him also explored how a nation’s allocation of resources affects its wealth. The definition set out at the turn of twentieth century by Alfred Marshall, author of ‘The principles of Economics’ reflects the complexity underlying economics ‘Thus it is on one side, the study of wealth; and on the other, and more important side, a part of the study of man’ W must reckoned that we have unlimited wants and very limited resources. Before further discussion, let us understand first; the two branches of study within economics; microeconomics’ and macroeconomics. Microeconomics: Looks at the similar issues but on the level of the individual people and firms within the economy; it tends to be more scientific in its approach, and studies the parts that make up the whole economy. The market economy’ advocates forces within a competitive market, which constitute the invisible hand’, to determine how resources should be allocated. Example- USA. The command economic’ system relies on the government to decide how the country’s resources would best allocate. Example – North Korea Globalization The term refers to the free movement of goods, services, capital and ideas across national boundaries due to reduction to a tariff and other barriers. It will free up markets, encourage multinational corporation business which operate in a number of countries at once and often drew on globa l capita, improve and advance information technology and telecommunication etc. The process will govern the philosophy ‘compete or perish’ As such consumers can be benefited from globalization process, but will have also some negative effects like: loss of local control over enterprises, reduced government control over the economy, widening income gap from employing skilled labor to unskilled ,and company’s benefit from choosing the low-cost labors. Global Open Market Economy Through different Agreement initiated by the World Trade Organization, liberalization in trade was significantly sponsored. Sponsored the agreement are Agreement on Technical barriers to Trade (TBT), Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual property Rights (TRIPs), Agreement on Agriculture (AOB) etc, In signing WTO agreements, it was well visualized that tariff and non-tariff barriers will decline in a liberalized trading environment and fair trading opportunities will make a gate way for all countries. In fact, it was predicted that due to substantial reduction in tariff and non-tariff barriers, enormous gain would be resulted for the Developing and the Least Developing Countries (LDCs). The major drive to this was that with reduction in domestic and export subsidies in the developed countries, their cost of production would raise and subsequently their agricultural production would come down and international prices would rise. Ensuring lower tariffs in the developed countries, developing countries and LDCs would be able to export a lot more to take advantage of increased international prices. All the countries who are the signatories to WTO are definitely to abide by the rules and regulation of open market economy. SWOT Analysis: The overall evaluation of a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat is called SWOT Analysis. External Environment Analysis (Opportunity and threat Analysis): A business unit has to monitor key microenvironment forces (demographic, technological, political-legal, and socio-cultural) that affect its ability to earn profits. The company further applies Marketing Opportunity Analysis (MOA) to determine the attractiveness and success probability of any opportunity. An ideal business is high in major opportunities and low in major threats; ? A speculative business is high in both major opportunities and threats; ? A mature business is low in opportunities and low in threats; and ? A troubled business is low in opportunities and high in threats. Internal Environment Analysis (Strengths and Weaknesses Analysis): Each business needs to evaluate its internal strengths and weaknesses. The business dos not have to correct all its weaknesses, nor it gloat about its strengths. The big question is whether the business should limit itself to those opportunities where it possesses the required strengths or whether it should consider better opportunities where it might have to acquire or develop certain strengths. PEST Analysis Business activities are also significantly dependent on prevailing environmental status. It is equally important for home and international business. To ventilate environment condition, PEST which stands for political, economical, social and technological analysis is a formidable task. Political Environment: Business decisions are strongly affected by developments in the political and environment. This environment is composed of laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence and limit various organizations and individuals, sometimes these laws also create new opportunities for business. Economical Environment: Markets require purchasing power as well as people. The available purchasing power in an economy depends on current income, prices, savings, debt, and credit availability. Social Environment: Society shapes our beliefs, values, and norms, people absorb, almost unconsciously, a world-view that defines their relationships to themselves, to others, to organizations, to society to nature, and to the universe, People are adopting more conservative behaviors and ambitions. Technological Environment: One of the most dramatic forces shaping people’s liver is technology. Technology has released such wonders as penicillin, open-heart surgery, and the birth control pill. It has released such horrors as the hydrogen bomb, nerve gas, and the submachine gun. Marketing, Promotion and Integrated Marketing Communication Marketing: The American Marketing Association (AMA), which represents marketing professionals in the United States and Canada, defines: â€Å"Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives. † The AMA definition recognizes that â€Å"exchange† is a central concept in marketing. For exchange to occur there must be two or more parties with something of value to one another a desire and ability to give up that something to the o9rher party, and a way to communicate with each other. Promotion: It plays an important role in the exchange process by informing consumers of an organization’s product or service and convincing them of its ability to satisfy their needs or wants. It has been defined as: â€Å"Promotion is any form of communication used by a firm to inform, persuade, or remind people about its product services or impact on society. † Promotion planning: It is a systematic decision making pertaining to all aspects of the development and managerial of a firm’s management efforts. Promotion strategy consists of a group of interrelated communication activities. It combines advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, direct marketing, interactive/internet marketing and public relations into an integrated program for communicating with buyers and others who influence purchase. Promotion strategy covers the planning implementation, and controlling an organization/s communications to its customers and other target audience. The purpose of promotion in the marketing program is to achieve management’s desired communications objectives with each audience. Integrated Marketing Communication: During the 1980s, many companies came to see the need for more of a strategic integration of their promotional tools. These firms began moving toward the process of integrated marketing communication (IMC), which involves coordinating the various promotional elements and other marketing activities that communicate with a firm’s customers. A task force from the American association of advertising Agencies (the 4As) developed one of the first definitions of integrated marketing communication: ‘Integrated Marketing Communication concept of marketing communications planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluate the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines – for example, general advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations – and combine these discipline to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communication impact’. Deciding to Save Lives with the Atomic Bomb EssayThis net profit earning by BMPCUL is a shining example in the co-operative movement of the country through which the farmers have been encouraged in cattle keeping practices resulted in increase of the milk collection for BMPCUL. FAO in a recent report has earmarked views like: Milk Vita continues to be flourishing concern, which can be seen not only from its recent imitators who financial performance and plans for growth, but also from its recent imitators who have set up similar dairy enterprises to process and market 50 million liters of milk annually. Not only is the private imitator, the government also initiating activities based on the experience of milk vita for poverty alleviation programmers of the country. BMRE and Other Projects of the Organization The organization launched a project titled ‘Balancing, Rehabilitation and Expansion of the Co-operative Dairy Complex project’ in 1994-97 with the project cost of total TK. 263. 68 million. Implementation of the project ahs so far made a tremendous impact on the overall activities of the organization (BMPCUL) 18. Milk Vita has very recently undertaken the following projects to increase asnd diverse its products range and also to expand its operational network: 1. Milk Vita Sweet-end Fresh Milk Condensed Milk; 2. Milk Vita UHT(Ultra High Temperature) Treated Milk Plants at Dhaka and Baghabarighat; 3. Milk Vita condensed Milk Can Production Plant; 4. Milk Vita Mineral Water Plant; 5. Milk Vita Dairy and Milk Chilling Plants at Different Parts of the County; and 6. Milk Vita Chocolate plant. In the process of Expansion, the government has extended significant financial support to milk vita on recognition of its contribution to the poverty alleviation process. The Management Affair: In regards to the co-operative philosophy milk vita management is guided by the co- operative Acts, Rules and by-laws of the organization. It has got a Managing Committee comparing of 12(twelve) members, 9(nine) of which including the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman are directly elected from the rural milk producing primary societies and the rest of 4(four) are nominated from the Government, this honorary body handles the action plans and policy issues of the organization in their meeting and implements those with the assistance of executive line. The executive head of the organization is the General Manager (proposed Managing Director) adhere the responsibility of materializing the decisions of the managing Committee with other routine management functions through the en-rolled professional personnel and workforce. The professional level includes personnel from different discipline like Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Science, Bio-chemistry, Accounting, Marketing, Finance, and other services. Beneficiaries of Milk vita: Bangladesh Milk producers Co-operative Union Limited (BMPCUL) dedicated towards the rural socio-economic development has emerged as a pioneering co-operative organization in the country. Its areas of operation in the rural sector are spread over to 12 milk-shed areas covering about 20 districts with 48 police stations and 1005 village. Through its activities for the last 3 decades, BMPCUL has made a significant impact on the national economy especially in the milk production sector benefiting the farmers. The direct beneficiaries from the activities of the organization market 12: †¢ 80,000 poor, landless and marginal milk producing farmers who were earlier exploited by the traditional middlemen (ghoses), but at present receiving fair price through sale of milk in a guaranteed market; †¢ 4,00,000 farmers family members who are directly dependent on the income of the cooperative members for their livelihood; More than 500 Rickshaw pullers cooperative members engaged in the distribution process receiving the daily cash income for maintaining their livelihood along with their dependent family members; †¢ A Large number of city dwellers receiving continuou s supply of pure, safe, hygienic and nutritious milk and milk products at a reasonable price; †¢ Enormous numbers of vendors and shop-keepers engaged in the business process of the organization having supplementing income; †¢ More than 4000people who are employed out of the direct and indirect job opportunities created both in rural and urban areas in milk production and transportation process; †¢ Nearly 1,000 people are engaged in the different plants and officer of the organization who earn livelihood for them and their families; 100 new co-operative farmers every year receive interest free cattle purchase credit; †¢ Enormous numbers of women are being engaged in the cattle keeping practices and thereby ensuring extra-income for the family. These have further been encouraged the farmers living at different parts of the country to be associated with Milk Vita for their economic growth. Future Plan Milk vita: The success of Milk Vita with further scope for expans ion in the processing sector includes: †¢ Expansion of the current handling capacity; †¢ Establishment of a number of chilling plants; †¢ Acquisition of bath an (Pasture) land from the government for permanent use as grazing land by the milk producer farmers; Completion of the Establishment of fresh Milk condensed Milk Plant; †¢ Completion of the Establishment of UHT Treated milk plants; †¢ Establishment of the Mineral Water Plants; †¢ Establishment of a cattle feed Plant; These Plans are expected to allow Milk Vita to contribute further for the development of the dairy sector in Bangladesh. The activities of milk vita have constituted bondage between the rural and urban areas by way of bringing and marketing the rural produce to city dwellers and on the other hand plough-back the money received against milk product sells, to rural areas for re-investment as well as assuring livelihood of the inhabitants there. Ultimately, this is contributing to the national economy. Flow chart-rural produce to urban areas, urban cash to rural farmers: Processed Liquid Milk Sale: It is also worth mentioning here that most of the milk in about 95% is consumed in Bangladesh and received from the indigenous i. e. farmers and middlemen source. The dairy plant processing sector supplies only the rest 05%. In the recent years some new ventures in milk and milk product processing and marketing have been initiated in the country. Though most of the organization caters a very little quantity of milk but the market for the processed milk in the country is being increased. Liquid Milk Sale Per Day |Sl. No |Name of the Enterprise |Milk Sales |Market Share | | | |Ltr’s/Day (Average) |% | |1 |Milk Vita |1,55,000 |76. 00 | |2 |Aarong |35. 000 |14. 58 | |3 |Amo Milk |5. 000 |2. 10 | |4 |Ultra Milk |4. 000 |2. 11 | |5 |Bikrampur |5. 000 |1. 63 | |6 |Aftab Dairy |7000 |2. 0 | |7 |Pran Milk |3. 000 |1. 58 | Condensed Milk Scenario: Liquid Milk and some other dairy products there exists venture for the production of condensed milk in the country. The organization engaged in the process does not have any source for fresh milk collection and as such they maintain their production through the imported powder milk. Since the condensed milk production activities at present are targeted com completely for commercial interest, negligence in product quality largely in sight. This has recently been identified by the Bangladesh Standard and Testing Institute. As a result, the government has taken a strict view for the interest of the general mass. The players in the condensed milk production team are: Condensed Milk in the Country |Sl. |Brand |Plant Capacity |Average Price Take | |No | |Tons/day | | |1. |Danish |120 |37 | |2. |Star Ship |160 |37 | |3. |Goalini |120 |37 | |4. |Kwality |120 |37 | |6. Milk Vita* |50 |30 | * To be started soon Some Constraints Outline: Through analyzing its overall activities, milk vita summarizes the following major constraints: †¢ Lack of an appropriate and detailed dairy policy containing issues like product standardization, taxation, infrastructure development, price, import rationalization and product safety measures to aid the dairy development process of Bangladesh; †¢ Competition from imported milk powder and milk products along with threats from the domestic production. †¢ Non-congenial taxation and custom duties for its routine imported items; †¢ Acquisition of bathan land for fa rmers’ cattle grazing; Replication of the Milk Vita model in other parts of Bangladesh through government initiatives and funding for the benefit of both farmers and consumers; †¢ Shortage of quality cattle feed at a reasonable price; †¢ Lack of funds for the timely materialization of its planned activities; †¢ Lack of adequate support from the government, and national and international donor agencies in the undertaking of a massive dairy development programmed for the country, similar to Operation Milk Flood I, II, and III in India. †¢ Milk Vita visualizes that rapid removal of these constraints will aid attaining self-sufficiency in milk production sector of the country, within the shortest Milk possible time. Overall Products Sale Data of Milk Vita: Year |Liquid |Butter |Ice Cream |Ghee |Other |Total Sales | | | | | | |Products |Revenue | | | | | | |Tk. | | | |Mil. |Mil. |Mil kg | | |Ltr. |Tk. | | | |2 kg |I kg | | |tin |Pouch | | | |2002-03 |2003-04 | 2004-05 |2004-05 | |1 |Pasteurized Liquid Milk (per liter) |26. 00 |26. 00 |28. 00 |30. 0 | |2 |Butter (KG) |210. 00 |210. 00 |210. 00 |250. 00 | |3 |Ghee (KG) |290. 00 |300. 00 |300. 00 |350. 00 | |4 |Full Cream Milk Powder (per KG) |200. 00 |200. 00 |235. 00 |245. 00 | The Taxation Policies: The Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh imposed tax on foreign powder milk and milk product to producers’ interest in competitive price factors. This had a mixed reaction in the society. The producing farmers were happy to have a better price for their product, but on the hand the business people were disheartened seeing the effect on consumer’s choice to competitive local producers who use the powder milk, were reactive to government decision on tax sector. Through maintaining a lobby and impressing the government in the plea of the consumers negative reaction for price rise of the commodity due to production price increase, they were further succeeded not only to refrain government from further increase but also reduced the levy in some of the tax sectors. A comparative tax structure is shown in the below table: Taxes on Import of Powder Milk an Milk Product |Sl. No| |% | | |Tax Heads |of Taxes | | | |2001-2002 |2002-2003 |2003-2004 |2004-2005 | |1. |Custom duty |25% |32. 5% |30% |30% | |2. |Regularity Duty |10% |0 |0 |0 | |3. |Complimentary Tax |0. 5% |10% |15% |0 | |4. Value Added Tax |15% |15% |15% |15% | |5. |Development Surcharge |2. 5% |3. 5% |4% |4% | |6. |Advance income Tax |3% |3% |3% |0 | |7. |License Fee |2. 5% |0 |0 |0 | |Total Effect |71. 01% |74. 11% |78. 92% |56. 0% | |(* Calculated on duty paid vale As shown below) | | | | | |Increase from the previous year |71. 01% |3. 10% |4. 81% |-22. 42% | Calculation of Taxes on Import of Powder Milk and Milk Product |2001-02 | | |Base: Tk. 100 |Base: Tk. 100 | |Duty Paid Value = 100 +35 |Duty Paid Value = 100 +32. 50 | |= 135. 0 |= 132. 0 | |Complimentary Tax: + 6. 75 |Complimentary Tax: + 13. 25 | |= 141. 75 |= 145. 75 | |15% VAT + 21. 26 |15% VAT + 21. 86 | |= 163. 01 |= 167. 61 | |Others(Item 5+6+7) = 8. 00 |Others (Item 4+5) = 6. 50 | |Total = 171. 1 |Total = 174. 11 | |- 10 0. 00 |- 100. 00 | | | | |Total Tax = 71. 01% |Total Tax = 74. 11% | | | | |Base: Tk. 100 |Base: Tk. 00 | |Duty Paid Value = 100 +30 |Duty Paid Value = 100 +30 | |= 130. 00 |= 130. 00 | |Complimentary Tax: + 19. 50 |Complimentary Tax: + 0 | |= 149. 50 |= 130. 00 | |15% VAT + 22. 42 |15% VAT + 19. 50 | |= 171. 92 |= 149. 0 | |Others(Item 5+6+7) = 7. 00 |Others(Item 5+6+7) = 7. 00 | |Total = 178. 92 |Total = 156. 50 | |- 100. 00 |- 100. 00 | | | | |Total Tax = 78. 92% |Total Tax = 71. 01% | Government’s Concern over Dairy Development: At one stage, during the first and second decades of independence, the government had very little interest in the cattle interest in the cattle and dairy development process of the country. This resulted in the import of milk at a great extent. Moreover, the flow of surplus milk powder from European Union (EU) nations to Bangladesh was a regular phenomenon. The 5th five year plan of the country (1990-1995) and perspective plan (1995-1997) contributed in reversing the situation. These plans were basically aimed at the objective of increasing the income and thereby the purchasing power of the poor people through eradication of poverty and creation of job opportunities. The approach ventilated the cattle development activities in th3 rural areas. A number of projects were initiated and implemented in the process. Cattle rearing farmers were encouraged through having the incentives from the government for maintaining cattle wealth. The goal was to create job opportunities in overall process of cattle keeping to milk yielding and transportation in one hand and on the other, gradual decrease of powder milk import and attain self sufficiency in milk production and thereby contribute in the national economy. The government for the period 2001 onward have further intensified the concern over milk production of the tune milk vita materializing the following projects through government supports and financial assistance: Condensed Milk Plant; †¢ Ultra High temperature (UHT) Treated Plants †¢ Candy and chocolate Plant; †¢ Dairy Plant †¢ A number of milk Chilling Center throughout the country; †¢ Condensed Milk Can Making Plant; †¢ Water treatment and Bottling Plant; †¢ And many others. It is to be men tioned here that the present government while in power during the period 1991-1992, approved a project titled ‘Balancing, Modernization, rehabilitation, and Expansion of the co-operative Dairy Complex’ for milk vita. Through implementation of the project, the ever-first Super Instant Powder Milk Plant of the country was established along with a modern ice cream plant. The government not only contributed in major financing to the project but also restructured the organization’s financial status by way of waiving out the accumulated interest on the previously invested money during inception of the project and transfers the capital into equity. The overall concern of the present government on dairy field is not only positive but also participative too. Dairy World Cow milk production in selected countries for 1997 was 381. 30 million tons, with a increase of 2% from the previous year, Maintaining the tendency the production in 2003 is estimated to 437. 99 million tons During the period, the significant production declines in Russia and Ukraine. But continued rapid growth was experienced in Oceania and in the United States, Brazil, Argentina, India Australia and china. Milk cow numbers continued tending downward in most countries, and now with total about 132. million heads in 1997 and maintaining the same static in average during the period 20 03. But there was significant rise per cow milk yielding. For the major dairy products, butter production at 5. 10 million tons, cheese, nonfat dairy milk, whole milk powder is 11. 80. 310 and 2. 50 tons respectively. World dairy scene interprets at the present status that most of the countries are in the planning of keeping less number of cattle with high milk yielding. It is because of the fact that gradual population growth especially in Asian nations and increased energy on cattle head management system made it costly to maintain bigger numbers of cattle. Therefore efforts are concentrated for per head milk yield. Bangladesh imports different types power milk and other milk products form the world market, the highest quantity is however the powder milk and baby foods. Butter Cheese, butter Oil and some UHT milk are also imported the developed countries. In case of present study, some countries were selected from which most of the milk and milk products are exported to Bangladesh to receive the relevant dairy data. Most of those were personally visited and also follow up and new contacts were made through internet. The data so collected has been duly tabulated and finally analyzed for the purpose of the study. To compare the situation some of the data on economic status has the impact of the factor on dairy field. Data on Global Dairy Situation Country Profile: 01 1. Area: 2. Population: 3. Per Capita GNP: (sq. km) (million) (US $) 4. World GNP Ranking: 5. Exchange Rate: 6. Inflation: Dairy Sector: 1. Total Cattle-heads: 2. Total milking Cattle: (Millions) (Millions) 3. Average milk Production per cattle (Liter/day): 4. Milk Price per liter at Growers level: 5. Processed Milk Price per liter at market level: a. UHT Pasteurized: 6. Powder Milk Price per KG: 7. Name of Some major Brands: a. Sunshine b. Dutch jug 8. Do the country exports Milk ? Yes No If yes, Please Mention: i. Quantity ii. Countries iii. There is export benefit Yes No 9. Mention some of the popular dairy products: Milk, Butter, Cheese, Yogurt,